Category Archives: Uncategorized

CEI Experts: Delay on China Tariffs Shows Real Burden is on Consumers

Press statement, originally posted at cei.org.

On news today that the US Trade Representative will delay new tariffs on some consumer items until Dec. 15, as well as exclude some products from tariffs. Competitive Enterprise Institute Senior Fellow Ryan Youngand Vice President for Strategy Iain Murray pointed to the tacit admission that consumers are, in fact, burdened by tariffs, contrary to what the Trump administration has maintained.

Senior Fellow Ryan Young said:

“The decision to delay new tariffs on Chinese-made toys, smartphones, laptops, and other popular holiday gifts is a tacit admission that consumers pay for tariffs, not Chinese producers. The administration has been saying otherwise, but it is good to see that they do not believe their own words. Several rounds of China tariffs have so far failed to encourage the Chinese government to make needed reforms. Beijing has instead consistently retaliated with its own trade barriers, hurting the U.S. economy as well as their own. Tariffs do not work. It is time to scrap them in favor of more effective policies. Engaging the WTO dispute resolution process is one such policy and one where the U.S. has an 85 percent success rate. Rejoining the Trans-Pacific Partnership would add to international pressure on Beijing to rein in its illiberal policies. At the very least, Congress needs to take back the tariff-making authority it delegated away to the president back in the 1960s and 1970s.”

Vice President for Strategy Iain Murray said:

“The administration appears to have decided that Christmas is a health, safety, or national security issue, using powers meant for those purposes to delay tariffs on the sort of products Americans like to gift each other on that holiday. At least that recognizes that these tariffs would have been a de facto tax on holiday shopping. The decision also underlines how the administration is abusing power granted it by Congress – power Congress should reclaim urgently.”

Related report: Common Myths and Facts about Trade

O. Henry – Complete Short Stories

O. Henry – Complete Short Stories

Henry was known for his surprise plot twists, as well as a wry, gentle sense of humor. In one typical aside, he describes a character as “cursing talentedly.” In the food-focused “Cupid a la Carte,” one character describes another as “weak as a vegetarian cat.” His short sketches of avuncular, detached goodwill make him a bit like his generation’s Garrison Keillor, both for good and for bad. He’s good-natured and a little droll, and makes a lot of his day’s equivalent of dad jokes. This collection of his short stories, some famous and some not, is a bit of literary comfort food.

 

The Left Hand Knows Not What the Right Hand Is Doing

Via Politico‘s Morning Trade newsletter: “A new analysis of Trump’s USMCA shows that more than half of the text is identical to the Trans-Pacific Partnership,which Trump withdrew from on his third day in office.”

The study is “How Much of the Transpacific Partnership is in the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement?,” by Wolfgang Alschner and Rama Panford-Walsh, both of the University of Ottawa.

Stephen Davies – The Wealth Explosion: The Nature and Origins of Modernity

Stephen Davies – The Wealth Explosion: The Nature and Origins of Modernity

In some ways, I have been waiting on this book for 20 years. When I was college age, I saw Davies give several historical lectures at Cato University seminars, read numerous articles by him, and have met him a few times over the years at various events. This book captures his big-picture thoughts on world history. Why is the world so rich today compared to ancient or medieval times? Davies’ answer is similar to Deirdre McCloskey, but not quite the same: cultural attitudes towards openness and change, plus compatible politico-economic institutions are what did it.

But it’s not so simple as that. Nothing is in history. The arrow of causality runs in both directions. Guns, germs, and steel played a role, and so did geography. There are also several instances where a modern takeoff began, but couldn’t sustain itself. There were flowerings of various degrees in China, Japan, Peru, Africa, and Europe, but none of them stuck until 19th century England. Davies argues that there is nothing special about Europe or its people that made it destined to be the place where a modern wealth explosion first sustained itself and spread throughout the world. But Enlightenment ideas, in combination with the many, many other factors listed above, seem to be what did it.

Davies’ other contribution is a proper understanding of what modernity is. It is not a thing or a place, or even a certain set of technologies, or amount of wealth, or percentage of urban dwellers. Modernity is a process. Better players don’t make a better game; people are the same today as we were back in Caesar’s day. But better rules make a better game, as do the players respecting those rules and knowing their importance. Institutions, and the people working within them, need to prefer neophilia to neophobia. They need to be tolerant of people different from them, whether that’s religion, race, appearance, or numerous other characteristics. People who do not go along will not get along—and if political institutions do not encourage or allow people to act civilized, very often they will not.

Davies’ view of world history is unusually humble. He knows enough to know he doesn’t know everything. He doesn’t give a single magic bullet cause for modernity because there isn’t one. It is multicausal, and even then, modernity relies on having an ongoing process in place, not this or that outcome.

As important, he reminds the reader that the culture and institutions behind that process are fragile and reversible. They must be defended.

Tariffs fail to move China, Congress Should Revoke Pres. Trump’s Trade Authority

This is a press statement from CEI. Originally posted here.

President Trump announced a new round of tariffs on China today, pledging to levy a 10 percent tariff on $300 billion of Chinese goods on September 1.

CEI senior fellow Ryan Young said:

“President Trump’s latest China tariffs will begin to affect consumer prices just in time for the holiday season, and will likely encourage a round of retaliatory actions from Beijing. Previous tariffs have repeatedly failed to spark reforms from China’s government, and this iteration will be no different.

“It is likely not a coincidence that President Trump announced the new tariffs within hours of Congress beginning its August recess. Congress is out of session until September 9, more than a week after the tariffs are set to take effect. Multiple bills to return tariff-making authority to Congress have growing bipartisan support. Congress should pass one of them upon its return and prevent President Trump’s tariffs from causing further economic and diplomatic harm to the United States.”

Read more:

Sean Howe – Marvel Comics: The Untold Story

Sean Howe – Marvel Comics: The Untold Story

I’ve been interested in corporate histories recently, from Ron Chernow’s books on Rockefeller and Morgan to modern biographies of Steve Jobs and Jeff Bezos. This is another one from that pile, though it also served the ulterior motive of familiarizing me with the Marvel Universe’s universe of characters in advance of seeing Avengers: Endgame. My Marvel fandom is decidedly casual, and I am unfamiliar with many of the characters’ origins and backstories. Adding to the confusion is that they are all interconnected in a larger universe.

This book also gives some background on just how much those characters and their universe reflect their time and place, from 1940s pulps to the national fascination with anything atomic in the 1950s and 1960s. The characters change and grow as the times do, and so does Marvel itself, which has frequently had to fend off bankruptcy as it periodically falls behind the times.

The company has been bought and sold several times over the years, and personalities clashes abound as art and commerce collide. Stan Lee turns his attention to Hollywood and being an ambassador of comics. Co-creator Jack Kirby gets nowhere near the credit he deserves, is stiffed financially, and leaves Marvel for its rival, DC Comics. Other writers also get screwed over, leading to a growing movement of independent companies.

As comics buyers grew up and had kids of their own, Marvel also had to add new titles, drop old ones, reboot stale characters that still had compelling attributes, and change its approach to hold onto its customers, and attract new ones. Progress is this department has been uneven at best; the comics world still isn’t exactly friendly territory for women or minorities, and some of the more hardcore fans are a little stunted—though they would likely still be that way had comic books never been invented. The companies slowly began to realize the goldmines they were ignoring, but many of their attempts are cringe-worthy. Things are better than they used to be, but this stunted male juvenile aspect of the business remains a work in progress.

This book is part business history, part explainer of the Marvel Universe, and part cultural history of 20th century America. That’s an ambitious scope for any book, but Howe pulls it off. He might have done a bit more on the business side, but this reader has no serious complaints. As with the best Marvel stories, I was entertained and educated at the same time.

A Yardstick for Reform

While recently revisiting my old friend the Export-Import Bank, which is up for reauthorization this September, I was reminded of a quote from Nobel laureate Ronald Coase’s 1975 essay “Economists and Public Policy,” which appears on p. 57 of 1995’s Essays on Economics and Economists:

An economist who, by his efforts, is able to postpone by a week a government program which wastes $100 million a year (which I would call a modest success) has, by his action, earned his salary for the whole of his life.

By this measure, the Ex-Im Bank controversy over the last several years was a success, though there is more work to be done. In 2014 the agency’s authorization lapsed for nearly a year, and after that it was limited to small transactions until May 2019. The total savings run into the tens of billions of dollars.

Venki Ramakrishnan – Gene Machine: The Race to Decipher the Secrets of the Ribosome

Venki Ramakrishnan – Gene Machine: The Race to Decipher the Secrets of the Ribosome

Ramakrishnan won the 2009 chemistry Nobel for figuring out the structure of ribosomes. DNA and RNA contain instructions for protein molecules; ribosomes use that information for actual protein assembly. Ribosomes are an organelle that exists in every cell. There are more than a trillion ribosomes in your body right now; they are not rare. But getting a handle on their structure and how they go about their work was a longstanding mystery. It took Tamakrishnan more than two decades to suss out. Along the way he pioneered the use of x-ray microscopy and crystallography. Some of the science went over my head, but this career autobiography still offers plenty for a layman. As I so often find with these sorts of books, it unintentionally confirms the arguments in the economist Gordon Tullock’s 1966 book The Organization of Inquiry (free PDF), a public choice analysis of professional scientific behavior.

Nasim Nicholas Taleb – Antifragile: Things That Gain from Disorder

Nasim Nicholas Taleb – Antifragile: Things That Gain from Disorder

Taleb, at least in his writing, has an off-putting personality. That is in full effect in Antifragile, moreso than in his other books. There is also plenty of counterintuitiveness-for-its-own-sake that make Taleb popular with people who like TED talks a little too much. But as with Taleb’s other books, there is still some good insights that make worth wading through the pretense and occasional New Age quackery.

As far as the title, something is fragile if stress makes it weaker. It is robust if stress doesn’t affect it. And something is anti-fragile is stress actually strengthens it; think of how muscles respond to weightlifting, or an immune system after learning how to fight a disease. Taleb’s goal is to find ways to make financial markets, technologies, and public policies anti-fragile, and not fragile or merely robust.

One insight is that market volatility can actually make financial markets anti-fragile. Suppose the stock market plummets and reaches a two-year low. This will scare some skittish investors out of the market altogether, leaving only hardier, usually more expert investors left to evaluate investments and drive their prices. In this way, policies designed to prevent market volatility can actually make financial markets more prone to crashes, not less.

There are also some things in Anti-Fragile that can be safely ignored. This includes Taleb’s workout and dietary recommendations, his inconsiderate habit of only scheduling appointments same-day, his fondness for running shoes with articulated toes, or his unsubtle bragging about speaking three languages, having homes in two countries, and being able to read an entire book on London-New York flights, which he is sure to let the reader know he takes regularly. This is a book that offers some food for thought, along with plenty of opportunities to practice eye-rolling.

Dan Jones – The Wars of the Roses: The Fall of the Plantagenets and the Rise of the Tudors

Dan Jones – The Wars of the Roses: The Fall of the Plantagenets and the Rise of the Tudors

An utterly conventional kings-and-battles account of the period. It’s a good survey of the period, but readers will have to go elsewhere if they want memorable portraits of the personalities involved, what everyday life was like in castle or court, or for the soldiers and their families, what the period’s economy and technology were like, what intellectual or religious life were like, or even the larger historical significance of the York-Lancaster rivalry.